Vitamin C Deficiency Masquerading as Vasculitis in a Patient With Crohn's Disease.

This case study features a 40-year-old male with Crohn's disease (CD) who was initially misdiagnosed with vasculitis but was later shown to have scurvy owing to vitamin C deficiency. The patient's diet was nearly exclusively made up of highly processed fast food, with no fresh fruits or vegetables. A mildly sensitive, violaceous rash on his lower legs, mild gingival hemorrhage and enlargement, and muscle soreness were among his symptoms. Anemia and undetectable vitamin C levels were discovered in laboratory studies. A skin sample revealed follicular hyperkeratosis, coiled hairs, and perifollicular bleeding, eliminating the possibility of vasculitis. Scurvy was confirmed by undetectable vitamin C levels and intramuscular bleeding discovered during a muscle biopsy. After one month of vitamin C administration, the patient's skin was entirely clear. This instance emphasizes the significance of taking vitamin C insufficiency into account in patients with CD and other disorders that can cause malabsorption. Misdiagnosis might result in unneeded treatments and medical expenses. Scurvy must be diagnosed as soon as possible because it might cause gastrointestinal/intracerebral hemorrhage and death.

Estimating poultry aspergillosis prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of histopathological and mycological culture in Côte d'Ivoire using Bayesian latent class analysis.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of poultry aspergillosis and evaluate the accuracy of histopathology (test under evaluation) and mycological culture (an imperfect reference test). Farms raising layer and breeder or broiler birds, with suspected aspergillosis cases, clinical or subclinical, were eligible and visited for sampling. After necropsy, histopathology and mycological culture examinations were conducted by two evaluators. A Bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the accuracy of histopathology when compared to the imperfect reference test, mycological culture. A total of 142 chicken farms, 96 laying and breeding hen farms, and 46 broiler farms were used for the study. True aspergillosis median prevalence was estimated at 63.7% (95% credibility intervals, CrI: 53.8%, 73.0%) in layers and breeders and at 65.2% (95% CrI: 50.2%, 78.3%) in the broiler farms' population. The median diagnostic sensitivity of histopathology and culture were estimated at, respectively, 98.8% (95% CrI: 94.6%, 100.0%) and 90.4% (95% CrI: 83.6%, 95.3%). Tests' diagnostic specificity was estimated at, respectively, 97.3% (95% CrI: 87.7%, 99.9%) and 95.7% (95% CrI: 91.8%, 98.2%). Both tests had very high and comparable positive predictive values, but, in a population where disease prevalence was 25%, histopathology had a higher negative predictive value than culture.

The establishment of a collaborative surveillance program with indigenous hunters to characterize primate health in Southern Guyana.

The consumption of primates is integral to the traditional subsistence strategies of many Indigenous communities throughout Amazonia. Understanding the overall health of primates harvested for food in the region is critical to Indigenous food security and thus, these communities are highly invested in long-term primate population health. Here, we describe the establishment of a surveillance comanagement program among the Waiwai, an Indigenous community in the Konashen Amerindian Protected Area (KAPA). To assess primate health in the KAPA, hunters performed field necropsies on primates harvested for food and tissues collected from these individuals were analyzed using histopathology. From 2015 to 2019, hunters conducted 127 necropsies across seven species of primates. Of this sample, 82 primates (between 2015 and 2017) were submitted for histopathological screening. Our histopathology data revealed that KAPA primates had little evidence of underlying disease. Of the tissue abnormalities observed, the majority were either due to diet (e.g., hepatocellular pigment), degenerative changes resulting from aging (e.g., interstitial nephritis, myocyte lipofusion), or nonspecific responses to antigenic stimulation (renal and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia). In our sample, 7.32% of individuals had abnormalities that were consistent with a viral etiology, including myocarditis and hepatitis. Internal parasites were observed in 53.66% of individuals and is consistent with what would be expected from a free-ranging primate population. This study represents the importance of baseline data for long-term monitoring of primate populations hunted for food. More broadly, this research begins to close a critical gap in zoonotic disease risk related to primate harvesting in Amazonia, while also demonstrating the benefits of partnering with Indigenous hunters and leveraging hunting practices in disease surveillance and primate population health assessment.

Histopathological Changes of Dental Follicles of Impacted Third Molars in Ibb Governorate.

OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of data pertaining to the examination of dental follicles (DFs) in asymptomatic impacted lower third molars (ILTMs) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and histopathological analysis in the Yemeni population. The objective of this study was to explore the DFs of asymptomatic ILTMs through radiological (CBCT) and histological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study comprised 60 patients aged 18-50 years with ILTMs. The ILTMs in these patients exhibited a DF with measurements ranging between 3 and 5 mm. CBCT was employed to evaluate the maximum width of the DF surrounding the crown of ILTMs in horizontal, sagittal, and coronal sections. After the extraction, the DFs were examined for any pathological changes and categorized as normal, inflammatory, cystic, or neoplastic. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), and the statistical significance was determined by employing chi-square tests with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: In the study, a total of 60 patients were included, with 17 (28.3%) being male and 43 (71.7%) being female. The majority of the patients 26 (43.3%) fell within the age range of 26-35 years. Regarding the angulation of the ILTMs, most of them were mesioangular 45 (75%), followed by vertical 7 (11.7%), horizontal 4 (6.6%), buccoangular 3 (5%), and distoangular 1 (1.6%). Histopathological changes were observed in 44 of the samples (73.3%). The majority of histopathological changes identified in the DFs were dentigerous cysts 26 (59%) followed by odontogenic keratocysts 11 (25%). Thirty-six (81.8%) of histopathological changes were found in females, whereas in only eight samples (18.1%), histological changes were observed in males. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). However, there were no statistically significant differences observed in the occurrence of histopathological changes based on age, angulation, and follicle size (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Follicles in ILTMs varied significantly based on gender, with a higher occurrence in females, and tooth impaction angle, mainly in the mesioangular position. Furthermore, a follicular size of 3-5 mm was associated with a higher incidence of pathological changes. Hence, histopathologic examination is recommended for surgically removed ILTMs irrespective of the follicle size observed in radiographic images.

Ameliorative impacts of propolis against testicular toxicity promoted by doxorubicin.

Background and Aim: Doxorubicin (DOX) is often used as a chemotherapeutic agent, although it may damage testicular functions. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of propolis on testicular histological changes, semen parameters, and testosterone concentrations as a means of protecting against testicular damage caused by DOX chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups with 12 animals per group. The first group served as the control. Rats in the second group were administered 4 mg/kg DOX. The third group was administered 4 mg/kg of DOX and 30 mg/kg b.w. propolis. The fourth group was orally dosed daily with 30 mg/kg b.w. propolis. Results: DOX treatment resulted in a significantly decreased weight gain (WG) rate compared with the control, whereas DOX + propolis resulted in improved WG and returned to the normal range. Testosterone levels were comparable among the experimental groups, with a significant increase in the propolis-treated group. In addition, DOX-treated groups exhibited a remarkable depletion in sperm counts, motility, and viability compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Most of the histological and hormonal changes resulting from the toxicity of DOX returned to almost normal after treatment of rats with the aqueous extract of propolis, indicating that propolis ameliorated the effects of DOX poisoning on testicular function in male rats.

Potential Role of Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Calciphylaxis.

Nonosseous abnormalities are often seen on bone scans and can be related to a wide variety of pathology ranging across vascular, infection, and inflammatory etiology. Diffuse soft tissue radiotracer uptake on bone scans is typically attributed to renal or metabolic derangements. Calciphylaxis is the deposition of calcium in small blood vessels, skin, and other organs leading to vascular obstruction and skin necrosis. It is a rare disorder with unknown pathophysiology. Diagnosis of calciphylaxis is challenging and requires an interdisciplinary approach including clinical findings, laboratory results, medical imaging, and skin biopsy. An early diagnosis is important as the disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the role of bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of calciphylaxis and to correlate the findings with other imaging modalities and histopathology.

Black hole sign migration in short-term brain CT scans: A possible link with clot evolution and histology.

The black hole sign (BHS) is a rare radiological sign seen in the hyperacute phase of bleeding. It manifests within a hemorrhage in early hours, with limited studies exploring clot formation and evolution over a short duration. Despite various hypothesized mechanisms, the precise lifetime and dynamics of black hole sign development remain unclear. We describe the rare finding of a black hole sign within a deep brain hemorrhage, initially observed in the lateral portion of the clot during the first CT scan. Remarkably, in a subsequent CT scan, just 1 hour later, the BHS migrated towards the inner edge. Notably, while the hemorrhage size remained largely unchanged within this short timeframe, hyperacute bleeding led to increased perihematomal edema and sulci flattening. Histopathological features of the "evolving clot" are initially characterized by heightened cellularity. This increased cell density renders the hematoma less resistant to compressive forces, such as heightened endocranial pressure, offering a plausible explanation for the crushing and displacement of the BHS. Our study sheds light on the unique radiological progression of BHS within a deep brain ICH, emphasizing its association with dynamic clot formation and the consequential impact on surrounding structures.

An artificial intelligence-driven scoring system to measure histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Assessment and scoring of histological images in Ulcerative colitis (UC) is prone to inter- and intra-observer variability. This study aimed to investigate whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed using image processing and machine learning algorithms could measure histological disease activity based on the Nancy index. METHODS: A total of 200 histological images of patients with UC were used in this study. A novel AI algorithm was developed using state-of-the-art image processing and machine learning algorithms based on deep learning and feature extraction. The cell regions of each image, followed by the Nancy index, were manually annotated and measured independently by four histopathologists. Manual and AI-automated measurements of the Nancy index score were conducted and assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The 200-image dataset was divided into two groups (80% was used for training and 20% for testing). Intraclass correlation coefficient statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the AI tool and used as a reference to calculate the accuracy. The average ICC among the histopathologists was 89.3 and the average ICC between histopathologists and the AI tool was 87.2. The AI tool was found to be highly correlated with histopathologists. CONCLUSIONS: The high correlation of performance of the AI method suggests promising potential for inflammatory bowel disease clinical applications. A standardized automated histological AI-driven scoring system can potentially be used in daily inflammatory bowel disease practice to reduce training needs and resource use, eliminate the subjectivity of the pathologists, and assess disease severity for treatment decisions.

A case of choroidal melanocytoma treated by transscleral resection: A clinicopathological study.

Purpose: Choroidal melanocytoma is a rare benign melanocytic tumor. We report a case of choroidal melanocytoma that was definitively diagnosed by histopathological findings after local resection. Observation: A 71-year-old female complained of blurred vision in her left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.0. A dark-brown elevated lesion, measuring 5 papilla-diameter was found in the periphery of the fundus in her left eye. The mass showed hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography, early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence on indocyanine green angiography. B-mode echography indicated the mass was originated from the choroid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed isointense signal intensity on T1-weighted images (WI) and hypointense signal intensity on T2-WI, and poor Gadolinium enhancement on T1WI. The tumor was suspected to be melanocytoma, but it was difficult to differentiate from malignant melanoma. Transscleral tumor resection combined with 25-gauge vitrectomy was performed. Histopathological examinations led to the diagnosis of choroidal melanocytoma. Two years after local resection, her BCVA was 1.0 with no tumor recurrence. Conclusions/importance: Local resection was useful as a diagnostic treatment for choroidal tumors confined to the periphery of the fundus that were difficult to clinically differentiate from malignant melanoma.

Acute Hepatitis due to Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

The acute retroviral syndrome may present with diverse systemic manifestations and laboratory abnormalities. Here we present a rare case of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causing severe acute hepatitis. Liver histopathology demonstrated a pattern of lymphocytic inflammation consistent with acute hepatitis, high levels of HIV proviral DNA were detected within liver tissue, and immunofluorescence showed HIV p24 antigen within immune and parenchymal cells including hepatocytes. We review the literature pertaining to HIV infection of cell compartments within the liver and discuss the implications for HIV-associated acute liver disease.

Mucuna laticifera: unprecedented L-dopa content and its role in neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions.

Genus Mucuna encompasses several plant species renowned for their utilization in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, chiefly due to their exceptionally high L-dopa content relative to other plants. However, limited information exists regarding Mucuna laticifera, a newly identified species within the Mucuna genus. This study unveils a remarkable L-dopa content of 174.3 mg/g in M. laticifera seeds, surpassing all previously documented Mucuna species. Moreover, this research marks the first documentation of L-dopa, flavonoids, and phenolics within M. laticifera seeds. Furthermore, the aqueous extract derived from these seeds exhibits robust antioxidant properties. Investigation into its anti-inflammatory potential reveals a significant reduction in paw swelling and neutrophil infiltration at inflammatory sites in a carrageenan-induced rat model. Gene expression analysis utilizing a rat paw model demonstrates that the seed extract significantly downregulates the expression of various inflammation-related genes compared to carrageenan-treated rats. Collectively, these findings clearly substantiate the anti-inflammatory activity of M. laticifera seed extract. The exceptional L-dopa content combined with its anti-inflammatory properties position M. laticifera seeds as a promising therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, as well as various inflammatory conditions. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03969-w.

Size dependent ingestion and effects of microplastics on survivability, hematology and intestinal histopathology of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).

Microplastic pollution is drastically increasing in aquatic ecosystems and it is assumed that different sizes of microplastics have diverse impacts on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study was intended to examine the ingestion and size specific effects of polyamide microplastic (PA-MP) on different physiological aspects such as growth, feed utilization, survivability, blood parameters and intestinal histopathology of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). In a 28-day exposure, the fish were fed with different sized PA-MP with a concentration of 500 mg per kg of feed in order to simulate highly microplastic contaminated environment. Three different treatments were set for this experiment i.e. T1, 25-50 µm (smaller microplastic); T2, 300 µm-2 mm (larger microplastic); T3, (mixed) including a control (C); each had three replicates. The highest ingestion was recorded in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish exposed to smaller PA-MP treatments (T1 followed by T3). The results also showed compromised weight gain (WG; g), specific growth rate (SGR; %/day) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with the exposure of PA-MP. Besides, survivability significantly reduced among treatments with the ingestion of smaller sized microplastic and found lowest in T1 (65.0 ± 5.0). In addition, the presence of PA-MP in feed negatively affected the concentration of hemoglobin and blood glucose. Similarly, smaller PA-MP caused most erythrocytic cellular and nuclear abnormalities; found highest in T1 that significantly different from other treatments (p < 0.05). Various histopathological deformities were observed in fish fed with PA-MP incorporated feed. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the toxicity and stress imparted by smaller PA-MP affected the survivability and blood parameters where larger PA-MP caused mild to severe abnormalities. Based on eigenvector values, the major abnormalities in intestine included occurrence of epithelium columnar degeneration (ECD: 0.402; PC1), hyperplasia of internal mucosa (HISM: 0.411; PC1), beheading of villi (BV: 0.323; PC1), atrophy of mucosa (AM: 0.322; PC1), tiny vacuoles in apical villi (TV: 0.438. PC2), crypt degeneration (CD: 0.375: PC2) and atrophy of goblet cell (AGC: 0.375; PC2). Therefore, it has been speculated that the size based PA-MP ingestion in the GIT interfered with the digestion and absorption as well as caused deformities that reflected negatively in survivability and hemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile striped catfish.

Single-cell transcriptome atlas in C57BL/6 mice encodes morphological phenotypes in the aging kidneys.

C57BL/6 mice are frequently utilized as murine models with the desired genetic background for altertion in multiple research contexts. So far, there is still a lack of comprehensive kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome atlas at all stages of growth of C57BL/6 mice. To provide an interactive set of reference standards for the scientific community, we performed the current study to investigate the kidney's development throughout the capillary-loop stage until senescence. Eight groups, with five to six mice each, represented embryonic stage (embryos 18.5 days), suckling period (1 day after birth), juvenile stage (1 month old), adulthood (containing 3 months old, 6 months old and 10 months old), reproductive senescence stage (20 months old), and post-senescence stage (30 months old), respectively. With age, the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was increased. Notably, GBM knobs appeared at three months and became frequent with age. Using single-cell transcriptome data, we evaluated how various biological process appear in particular cell types and investigated the potential mechanism of formation of GBM konbs. In conclusion, having access to detailed kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome maps from C57BL/6 mice at various developmental stages of C57BL/6 mice would be a novel and major resource for biological research and testing of prospective therapeutic approaches.

Efficacy of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) essential oils as anaesthesics in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758).

In this study, the anaesthetic effects of fennel and anise essential oils were investigated on common carp. Fish (10 ± 0.45 g) were exposed to nine concentrations of essential oils (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg L-1). Additionally, the histopathological effects on the fish tissues including gill, skin and hepatopancreas and physiological effects on some blood parameters (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Cl-, total plasma protein and glucose) of essential oils were investigated in carp. At the end of the experiment, fennel oil showed an anaesthetic effect at a concentration of 500 mg L-1 in carp (anaesthesia induction and recovery times were 308 and 472 s, respectively). Anise essential oil showed deep anaesthesia at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, but anaesthesia induction time was found to be very long (20 min). In addition, anise oil at concentrations above 100 mg L-1 caused 10% mortality in fish. Blood parameters except glucose level in both essential oils were unchanged during deep anaesthesia in carp. However, plasma glucose levels were found lower in fish anaesthetized with anise oil than control and fennel groups (P < 0.05). At the histopathological examination, no pathological findings were observed in any organ of fish in the fennel group. However, severe hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltrations in gills, erosive lesions in the skin and slight inflammatory reactions in the skin were observed in the anise group. The present study demonstrated that fennel essential oil at 500 mg L-1 concentration can be used as an effective and safe anaesthetic in common carp, but anise essential oil is not suitable.

PIVKA-II combined with alpha-fetoprotein for the diagnostic value of hepatic tumors in children: a multicenter, prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can improve the diagnostic and differential diagnostic accuracy of childhood hepatic tumors. METHODS: A multi-center prospective observational study was performed at nine regional institutions around China. Children with hepatic mass (Group T) were divided into hepatoblastoma group (Group THB) and hemangioendothelioma group (Group THE), children with extrahepatic abdominal mass (Group C). Peripheral blood was collected from each patient prior to surgery or chemotherapy. The area under the curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PIVKA-II and the combined tumor markers with AFP. RESULTS: The mean levels of PIVKA-II and AFP were both significantly higher in Group T than Group C (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), in Group THB than Group THE (p = 0.018, p = 0.013) and in advanced HB than non-advanced HB (p = 0.001, p = 0.021). For the diagnosis of childhood hepatic tumors, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 32.6 mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 120 ng/mL) was 0.867 and 0.857. The differential diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and AFP in hepatoblastoma from hemangioendothelioma was further assessed, AUROC of PIVKA-II (cut-off value 47.1mAU/mL) and AFP (cut-off value 560 ng/mL) was 0.876 and 0.743. The combined markers showed higher AUROC (0.891, 0.895 respectively) than PIVKA-II or AFP alone. CONCLUSIONS: The serum level of PIVKA-II was significantly higher in children with hepatic tumors, especially those with malignant tumors. The combination of PIVKA-II with AFP further increased the diagnostic performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials, NCT03645655. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT03645655 .

Multi-domain stain normalization for digital pathology: A cycle-consistent adversarial network for whole slide images.

The variation in histologic staining between different medical centers is one of the most profound challenges in the field of computer-aided diagnosis. The appearance disparity of pathological whole slide images causes algorithms to become less reliable, which in turn impedes the wide-spread applicability of downstream tasks like cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, different stainings lead to biases in the training which in case of domain shifts negatively affect the test performance. Therefore, in this paper we propose MultiStain-CycleGAN, a multi-domain approach to stain normalization based on CycleGAN. Our modifications to CycleGAN allow us to normalize images of different origins without retraining or using different models. We perform an extensive evaluation of our method using various metrics and compare it to commonly used methods that are multi-domain capable. First, we evaluate how well our method fools a domain classifier that tries to assign a medical center to an image. Then, we test our normalization on the tumor classification performance of a downstream classifier. Furthermore, we evaluate the image quality of the normalized images using the Structural similarity index and the ability to reduce the domain shift using the Fréchet inception distance. We show that our method proves to be multi-domain capable, provides a very high image quality among the compared methods, and can most reliably fool the domain classifier while keeping the tumor classifier performance high. By reducing the domain influence, biases in the data can be removed on the one hand and the origin of the whole slide image can be disguised on the other, thus enhancing patient data privacy.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as Compared to Histopathology in Parotid Gland Swelling.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of parotid swelling is challenging and investigations like imaging and needle aspiration cytology are helpful. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as compared to the histopathology in parotid gland swelling. METHODS: It was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in the Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu by reviewing the medical record charts of the patients who had undergone surgery for parotid lesions during the study period of seven and half years. All patients whose fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology reports were available were included in the study. The data were presented as mean, standard deviation, ratio and percentages. Microsoft excel was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were 75 patients included in the study. The age ranged from nine years to 78 years and the mean age being 38.3 17.42 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.78. The concordance rate between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology was 82.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of the fine needle aspiration cytology were 80% and 95% respectively. Similarly, the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 84% and 93% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the fine needle aspiration cytology was 91% for the parotid swelling in our study. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for parotid swellings in our study was excellent. The result of fine needle aspiration cytology is helpful in deciding management plan for parotid lesions.

Local, Quantitative Morphometry of Fibroproliferative Lung Injury Using Laminin.

Investigations into the mechanisms of injury and repair in fibroproliferative disease require consideration of the spatial heterogeneity inherent in the disease. Most scoring of fibrotic remodeling in preclinical animal models rely on the modified Ashcroft score, which is a semi-quantitative scoring rubric of macroscopic resolution. The obvious limitations inherent in manual pathohistological grading have generated an unmet need for unbiased, repeatable scoring of fibroproliferative burden in tissue. Using computer vision approaches on immunofluorescent imaging of the extracellular matrix (ECM) component laminin, we generate a robust and repeatable quantitative remodeling scorer (QRS). In the bleomycin lung injury model, QRS shows agreement with modified Ashcroft scoring with a significant Spearman coefficient r=0.768. This antibody-based approach is easily integrated into larger multiplex immunofluorescent experiments, which we demonstrate by testing the spatial apposition of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) to fibroproliferative tissue. The tool reported in this manuscript is available as a standalone application which is usable without programming knowledge.

Evaluation of biological selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, histopathology of vital organs and genotoxicity in Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).

Research on the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), particularly in Japanese quails, is lacking, especially regarding the potential for DNA damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of administering 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs on the growth performance, DNA integrity, and histopathological alterations of the liver, lung, kidney, and heart in quails. A total of 480 one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and received only basic feed, while Group 2 and 3 received 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of Se-NPs via oral gavage. Our results suggested that, birds fed with Se-NPs at both levels significantly (p < .01) reduced feed intake, however, weight gain was significantly (p < .01) increased in quails supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < .01) reduced in group supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se-NPs. White blood cells increased significantly (P0.01) in 0.4 mg/kg while haemoglobin and red cell distribution width decreased (p < .01) in the same group. Both treatment regimens resulted in DNA damage and histopathological alterations; however, the adverse effects were more prominent in the group receiving the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg. These findings indicate that the lower dose of 0.2 mg/kg may have beneficial effects on growth. However, the higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg not only negatively impacts growth but also leads to histopathological alterations in major organs of the body and DNA damage as well.